Giới Thiệu

Three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (41, 52, 66) examined the effects of maca on testosterone concentrations. Four studies (39, 48, 54, 61) examined the effects of Tribulus terrestris on testosterone concentrations. Four studies were conducted examining the effects of ashwagandha on testosterone concentrations (35, 50, 51, 62). The 2 studies that showed no effect of fenugreek supplementation on TT concentrations (57, 63) recruited healthy men, with participants in the Rao and Grant (57) study including men with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Six studies (42, 53, 57, 58, 63, 64) were conducted examining the effects of fenugreek seed extracts on testosterone concentrations. Only 1 study demonstrated positive effects of Asian ginseng supplementation on testosterone (47), while 6 studies showed no effect of supplementation (Table 1).
Writing—original draft preparation, L.J.M. and M.T.; writing—review and editing, L.J.M. and M.T.; funding acquisition, L.J.M. and M.T. Although numerous polyphenols demonstrate either activation or inhibition effects on androgen biosynthesis, consideration should be taken for combined exposure to naturally occurring flavonoids and isoflavonoids and their potential additive or synergistic effects on steroidogenesis. Considering the entire data reported on the regulation of steroidogenesis by flavonoids and isoflavonoids, a structure-activity relationship may explain the differences in inhibition and activation of androgen production. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (20) was also reported to improve the expression levels of steroidogenic proteins (StAR, Hsd3b, and Cyp11a1) and of the LH receptor within the testes of mice exposed to cadmium, an important neuroendocrine disruptor . In addition, this anthocyanin also upregulated the activities of the MAPK and PKA signalling pathways , promoting steroid production.
As a result, oxidative stress decreases the amount of circulating testosterone. Decreasing the FSH levels reduces the release of androgen binding protein from the Sertoli cells. There is also a significant decrease in LH and gonadotropin releasing hormone levels in case of chronic stress.
Total testosterone levels in serum were measured using isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC–MS/MS). Understanding this relationship is crucial for the management of male testosterone deficiency. Of particular importance is the recognition that environmental xenobiotics can exert testosterone-disrupting effects through oxidative mechanisms. Higher OBS was inversely correlated with testosterone deficiency in males. Summary of the mechanism of action of flavonoids and isoflavonoids on testosterone production from testicular Leydig cells.
They also produce androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), though these hormones are less effective at activating the androgen receptor than testosterone. Leydig cells are responsible for the biosynthesis of testosterone in the testis. Testosterone stimulates the development of male reproductive structures in the embryo and plays key roles at puberty, including spermatogenesis and regulation of gonadotropins. Androgens are primarily produced by Leydig cells in the testes and are vital for the development and maintenance of male sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics. Antioxidant support therapy is also useful in couples who want a chance of spontaneous pregnancy or who want to increase the probability of pregnancy with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The limitations of this study are that there was no placebo group and sperm DNA damage could not be examined. Decreasing testosterone cannot adequately regulate proper spermatogenesis to produce mature spermatozoa.

Nữ